This study examines the transition to all-electric RoPax ferry transportation, focusing on institutional and business ecosystem structures that hinder progress. Despite regulations promoting alternative fuels, electric vessel adoption remains limited. Based on a two-year project developing an electric RoPax vessel for a Baltic Sea route, the research integrates socio-technical transition theory, institutional theory, and business ecosystem analysis. Findings reveal that entrenched ecosystem structures and value creation configurations obstruct the shift to electric vessels. The study highlights the need for structural reconfiguration of actor roles to integrate sustainable practices in the maritime industry.