After the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the supposed end of history, an emphatic peace pathos seemed to drive the international community. Yet, instead of the dawn of an era of perpetual peace, disillusionment followed: The genocides in Rwanda and Srebrenica, the controversial nature of the NATO intervention in Kosovo and many other failures in development and peace initiatives severely demolished the initial optimism. Not least, the failure of international efforts to build and stabilize an Afghan state represents another low point in the history of unsuccessful and deficient international peace engagements. The article explores the reasons for that failure in the context of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene situates human beings in a mutually constitutive relationship with nature and thus within a fundamentally contingent world which has been considered the exclusive domain of human sovereignty historically. This makes any definition of peace in the Anthropocene a delusive fiction. After the dissolution of this modernist idea of peace, the paper will introduce a relational concept of peace.