Open Science encompasses practices that make the scientific process more transparent, accessible, and the output reusable. Despite comprehensive political and infrastructural frameworks – from the UNESCO Recommendation to national and institutional strategies – practical implementation in research communities often lags behind expectations. At the University of Graz, Open Science is actively promoted as a cross-cutting theme, for example through strategic integration into a flagship project, targeted networking initiatives, and internal university services. The conference “Open Science – Opportunity or Challenge?”, which forms the basis of this publication, also contributed to this effort. The conference highlighted that Open Science is seen both as an opportunity for quality improvement and as a challenge in terms of resources and expertise. The event fostered exchange, networking, and the development of an institutional Open Science strategy.