Synopsis
This study introduces a dynamic Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate climate neutrality and circularity over a product's lifetime, focusing on city buses with various propulsion systems, including battery-electric, hydrogen-electric, diesel, and e-diesel powered by wind energy. A new framework developed by the IEA EV Task 46 defines Climate Neutrality and Circularity using two impact categories: Climate Neutrality Potential (CNP) and Circularity Potential (CPO). CNP assesses GHG emissions and radiative forcing, while CPO evaluates material flows and circularity using the Material Circularity Index (MCI).
